The Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Airline Industry - Essay Example It is significant for any association to consider the PESTEL investigation before it can take part in advertising its items. This is increasingly significant in that it permits organizations to design their future. PESTEL investigation depicts a progression of large scale ecological components, which are utilized in natural arranging. This paper takes a gander at the effects of government mediation in the carrier business in utilizing PESTEL. It is significant of outside investigation while doing a statistical surveying since it gives a review of the distinctive macroeconomic variables, which the business needs to think about. A portion of the Political components considered are the tax collection strategy in the business, the laws identified with work, exchange limitations, and guidelines on nature, levies, and political dependability in the business. Monetary variables considered for this situation are financial development of the business, changes in loan costs, changes in return paces of the business, and the pace of expansion that influences the business (Zhou, and Stuart 2008). Social variables considered for their situation incorporates, social ideas of the whole business, wellbeing awareness of the business, the pace of development of the populace, the appropriation old enough, vocations mentalities in the business and accentuation laid on security in the aircraft business. Mechanical components are additionally c onsidered for this situation and incorporates natural and biological viewpoints, which decides the boundary to section in the business, the base degree of proficiency and creation in the business which impact redistributing choices. Besides, innovation factors spread innovative work exercises the degree of innovation and mechanization motivators utilized in the business rate at which innovation changes in the business (Sajeev 2012). PESTEL is a method of dissecting the various situations that influence the business. Pestel manages

Lord Of The Flies - Setting Essay -- essays research papers

In the novel Lord of the Flies, by William Golding the setting had a solid impact in the activities and mentalities of the characters. Setting is the characterized in writing as where the story happens. In Lord of the Flies, the setting is on an abandoned tropical island in the sea, where a microcosm can be built up. Three explicit instances of how setting affected the activities and mentalities of the characters are: The seclusion from a socialized world, the riddles of a new spot, and distinctive social sorts being compelled to live with each other. How these models are to be demonstrated will be created in the accompanying sections. Being on an island in the sea, remove the existence line, of a profoundly socialized society, that took many years to create. Because of the age and experience of the young men, such beliefs of the stuff to be cultivated are not created to that of an adult’s. At the point when the young men are placed in a world without rules, discipline, and request, it prompts a dynamic disintegration of what they have figured out how to be "civilized". Without limits from power figures, the young men feel as though they can do what ever they need, or as how they put it "to have fun". In the first place things where fine. A composed society had been framed where Ralph was chosen boss, and others where relegated explicit obligations. Anyway as time passes by, things begin to break down, the young men are tired of doing their dut...

Overcoming Obstacles

Overcoming Obstacles Overcoming Obstacles Home›Consideration Posts›Overcoming Obstacles Consideration PostsEvery living person has the major purpose of being successful in whatever they do. These simply mean that success is part of the human nature and everybody strives through all the possible means to achieve it (Badegruber, 2005). The achievement of success is however not an easy task to come by following the many challenges which people are exposed to in life. Notably, the lives which people live never present the ideal situations which a person may need for success. These calls for each and every person who is success oriented to be able to have and employ life skills which are very pertinent in the navigation between the many obstacles which the life is faced with.In reality, it is important to note that for success to be ensued, and then personal initiative is a very important factor to consider (Volkman, 2005). The personal attributes which influences the level of success comes in two major ways. To some people, they are the greatest stumbling block to their success and to some; they are the agents’ f motivations to their own success. This leads to the situation where the phrase “I have never known a greater miracle or a monster, than myself” do apply. In many a cases, each and every person has the capacity to chart out the way forward which they are to follow to achieve the required success which the person requires.The way in which people handle the challenges which are presented before them are very important in the management and the overcoming of the challenges. This makes people to be divided into two major groups, the pessimists and the optimist groups. It is important to note that when presented with the same obstacle in the same situation, the optimist would not be able to give up and will be in the constant look out to find the best ways possible to solve the problem (Bond, 1998). The optimist will always try to mentally conceptualize the possible ways in which the obstacle can be overcome through the constant trial of various methods and approaches.On the other hand, the pessimists would react differently when presented with the same situation (Bond, 1998). The pessimists are the Nay Sayers who see the end of everything right from their beginnings. They then go on pilling numerous excuses for why the situation could be solved. They then take very less effort to solve the problems which confront them in their lives. Notably, the moment one quits the trial for the search of the possible ways to solve the problem gives the pessimist a null option of overcoming the obstacle.  These two approaches to a similar challenge reveals that the kinds of effort which a person invests in their bid to solve problems are very important in the overcoming of the life obstacles presented (Bond, 1998).The fact presented here is that for the success of an individual, the initiative of the individual is very important. For the person who would like to advance in life by overcoming the ever menacing life challenges, then the personal efforts are very important (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Committee of Public Accounts, 2009). The personal initiative involves first of all recognizing the strengths and the weaknesses of the person concerned. For the success to be initiated, then the person concerned must be able to cross their boundaries which limit the person to achieve the success required. The person must therefore be in a position to overcome their arrogance, ignorance and the pride which they may posses. Then they take the necessary actions of growth to achieve the laid down growth goals (Badegruber, 2005).In the process of overcoming the life obstacles, it is important to note that “force does not create any right”. In the event that a life challenge or obstacle presents itself to the people, then it would be important to note that using force can never solve the menacing problems. Problems should be solve d by the careful analysis of the situations surrounding the problems. A careful analysis is consequently made in terms of the generation of all the possible solutions to the problems (Bond, 1998). Logicality and critically, the best option is then taken and implemented in the attempt to solve the problem. All along, strategies and control measures are then put in place to ensure that the variations and the deviations of the planned policies are closely monitored for the taking of any corrective issues. Such a pragmatic process of problem solving would ensure that the person is well equipped enough to tackle the life challenges.In contrast, many people resort to force in an attempt to solve the life challenges. Many people take the easy option of short cuts in solving the life challenges and the life obstacles. In an event that a hard life problem faces such people, they look for ways to ‘switch off’ their minds and rather postpone the problem until some other time in the future. The ‘switch off’ type of people use such agents like drugs more so alcohol to join the utopia and unrealistic world where they no longer think of the same problems which they cannot solve in their lives (Bond, 1998). Once they have taken the illicit, they tend to be more aggressive and become very violent whenever they are reminded of their problems (Badegruber, 2005). Such people are the ones who can be called the escapists who use drugs and violence as a way of escaping from the reality and postpone their problems until some other time when they feel more prepared to take on the problems.It is however important to remember that the use of force does not solve any problem in the whole process of overcoming the obstacles. Escaping from the reality by the appeal to force where one knows that they are on the wrong but because of the authority and power vested on them, they go round intimidating people to drop the problems (Volkman, 2005). This does not actually offer any solution at all the problem. These in most cases only lead to the creation of more problems in case the subjects fail to be intimidated and thus resort to counter the intimidation with some other form of mass action. This same scenario is very common in among the political elites who then feel that once they are in power, then they are destined to be in power for the rest of their lives. They thus do not respect the constitutions in their countries and go round deviating and ignoring the constitutions to remain in power through forceful means. Appeal to force thus only aggravates the problem or only suspends the problem but cannot be used as the sole method to the problem solving process.The use of force as a strategy towards solving of conflicts is very common among the bad political leaders. The bad political leaders are the ones who use excessive force in the advancement and the administration of their policies. Bad leaders ensure that they use the existing military powers at their dispo sal to silences any force which might come up to oppose their evil rule of the thumb. In cases where the oppressed are united enough and revolt against such leaders through the social force and search for the justice, then it would lead to even further detrimental effects which would thus lead to more deaths. At the end of the day however, such poor leaders must be brought to book and must pay for the sins of crime which the committed against humanity.For an effective overcoming of the life obstacles, it is far safer to hate than to be love, and it is equally far better to be hated than to be loved. The point here involves the development of the points of comfort and the points of discomfort in the development of the life planed aimed towards solving the life obstacles (Volkman, 2005). If there is love for a given concept or person, then there is comfort. And in places where there is comfort, there are no obstacles or necessities. Going by the old adage that necessity is the mother of all inventions, and then it would mean that the one who is in the comfort zone of being loved and who can be able to show love lack the necessity. They would therefore not strive at all to undertake any effort to improve and overcome any life obstacle which may be manifest in their lives.For a successful life planning and projections for the effective management of the life obstacles, it would be prudent that the person concerned not to show love at all and should not be loved. Hate springs the person concerned into actions. The actions which are advanced by those who hate the situations where they are involved in explore the possible options available to help in the alleviation of the unpleasant conditions. During the process, the person gets to come into contact with the life challenges and the life obstacles (Volkman, 2005). The efforts which the person employs with the aim of alleviating the problem thus lead to the person acquiring the practical life skills which are very im portant in solving any life obstacle which may come by. These mean that being loved and loving which are the conditions of comfort are very detrimental to the growth of the person and equipping of the person towards the personal positioning to the life goals.In of leadership, there are different types of leaders who approach the concept of fear and love differently. Some leaders use a lot of force to intimidate their followers into respecting them and thus attempting to maintain their leadership positions. On the other hand, some leaders use then power of love to ensure that all their subjects give them the utmost respect. When fear is used into instilling discipline and respect, then it leads to hate of the leaders by the subjects (Badegruber, 2005). A leader who is hated by the subjects is in the verge of being toppled. They stands a risk  and have high chances of failure as the subjects would be looking for the most appropriate ways to ensure the down fall of the hated leader. S uch a leader should therefore be very keen in ensuring that all is well on his part of the subjects and in doing so, he can still become a successful leader.On the other hand, being a loving leader does not mean that a person is assuring of automatic success. The fact that the leader is lived by the other equally posses a challenge to the leader s there are some people who may not be pleased with such leadership.Action without the clear thought can never ripen into truth is just another point which the person oriented to the achievement of success is able to take note of and internalize. It simply mean that for any truth to be ascertained and any goal achieved, then the actions of the people concerned must be well harnessed and well channeled to the right directions of well thought out end goals (Badegruber, 2005). The provisions of the actions without a well planned and prior planned goals would mean a total disaster join the outcome. This is because such actions may become irrelev ant. In the situations where they become irrelevant, then the continued practice of the unplanned actions would mean that there is the widening edge of the planned and irrelevant achieved goals. This is not only very costly in term of time and money resources but is also embarrassing and disgusting.In addition, it is important to note that each generation must discover its mission, and to fulfill it or betray it, in relative must identify the reason why they are living opacity. The fact presented here is that each and every generation with the people concerned why they are living. People must be purpose driven so as to achieve the life obstacles and make them the stepping stones to the achievement. People who are purpose driven in life know how to tackle the life challenges more than their counterparts who are not purpose driven. Being purpose driven thus ensures that the person lives an objective oriented life which is open and well planned out. (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Committee of Public Accounts 2009)In other circumstances, the generation which have no purpose drive in life or who cannot identify their purpose in life are not able to bring about any meaningful changes in the quality of life teeth they live. It is surely important to remember that a generation is a collection of people, and within the generation, individual input is very important and should be held with high esteem. The individual input would help the person achieve the outlined goals in life and thus marking the personal objectives to the obstacles removal in their lives (Volkman, 2005).Finally, it is important to realize and take note that everything can be explained to the people, on the single condition that you want them to understand. People will always understand what is told to them at once if they are well, prepared to learn.   The fact that people are always informed of the pertinent issues when they are least prepared makes them lose interest in what they ar e being told and thus end up not understanding the concept fully (Badegruber, 2005). When people are informed of the right materials the right time, they get prepared to learn and acquire life skills to counter the life obstacles. When the content materials are well understood, then the person will be more equipped to face the life obstacles. They would be more confident to tackle the life obstacles using the most appropriate methods which also help in the advancement of life skills to the persons.ConclusionThe life obstacles are there to stay with the human beings. They are the challenges which the people must be able to overcome in order to live a meaningful life after the achievement if the life success. Though many people find it difficult top fact life squarely, they are destined to make the decisions. Moreover, the pessimist who shy away from the life decision making choices always find it hard to succeed in life.

The Dutch East India Company Profile

The Dutch East India Company, called the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC in Dutch, was a company whose main purpose was trade, exploration, and colonization throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. It was created in 1602 and lasted until 1800. It is considered to be one of the first and most successful international corporations. At its height, the Dutch East India Company established headquarters in many different countries, had a monopoly over the spice trade and it had semi-governmental powers in that it was able to begin wars, prosecute convicts, negotiate treaties and establish colonies. History and Growth of the Dutch East India Company During the 16th century, the spice trade was growing throughout Europe but it was mostly dominated by the Portuguese. However, by the late 1500s, the Portuguese began to have trouble supplying enough spices to meet demand and prices rose. This, combined with the fact that Portugal united with Spain in 1580 motivated the Dutch to enter the spice trade because the Dutch Republic was at war with Spain at that time. By 1598 the Dutch were sending out numerous trading ships and in March 1599 Jacob van Necks fleet became the first to reach the Spice Islands (the Moluccas of Indonesia). In 1602 the Dutch government sponsored the creation of the United East Indies Company (known later as the Dutch East India Company) in an effort to stabilize profits in the Dutch spice trade and form a monopoly. At the time of its founding, the Dutch East India Company was given the power to build forts, keep armies and make treaties. The charter was to last 21 years.​ The first permanent Dutch trading post was established in 1603 in Banten, West Java, Indonesia. Today this area is Batavia, Indonesia. Following this initial settlement, the Dutch East India Company set up several more settlements throughout the early 1600s. Its early headquarters was in Ambon, Indonesia 1610-1619. From 1611 to 1617 the Dutch East India Company had severe competition in the spice trade from the English East India Company. In 1620 the two companies began a partnership that lasted until 1623 when the Amboyna massacre caused the English East India Company to move their trading posts from Indonesia to other areas in Asia. Throughout the 1620s the Dutch East India Company further colonized Indonesias islands and the presence of Dutch plantations growing cloves and nutmeg for export grew across the region. At this time the Dutch East India Company, like other European trading companies, used gold and silver to buy spices. To obtain the metals, the company had to create a trade surplus with other European countries. To get around only getting gold and silver from other European countries, the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company, Jan Pieterszoon Coen, came up with a plan to create a trading system within Asia and those profits could finance the European spice trade. Eventually, the Dutch East India Company was trading throughout Asia. In 1640 the company expanded its reach to Ceylon. This area was previously dominated by the Portuguese and by 1659 the Dutch East India Company occupied nearly the entire Sri Lankan coast. In 1652 the Dutch East India Company also established an outpost at the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa to provide supplies to ships sailing to eastern Asia. Later this outpost became a colony called the Cape Colony. As the Dutch East India Company continued to expand, trading posts were established in places that include Persia, Bengal, Malacca, Siam, Formosa (Taiwan) and Malabar to name a few. By 1669 the Dutch East India Company was the richest company in the world. Decline of the Dutch East India Company Despite its achievements in the mid-1600s by 1670 the economic success and growth of the Dutch East India Company began to decline, starting with a decrease in trading with Japan and the loss of the silk trade with China after 1666. In 1672 the Third Anglo-Dutch War disrupted trade with Europe and in the 1680s, other European trading companies began to grow and increase the pressure on the Dutch East India Company. Furthermore, European demand for Asian spices and other goods began to change around the middle of the 18th century. Around the turn of the 18th century the Dutch East India Company had a short resurgence in power but in 1780 another war broke out with England and the company began to have serious financial troubles. During this time the company survived because of support from the Dutch government (Towards a New Age of Partnership). Despite its problems, the charter of the Dutch East India Company was renewed by the Dutch government until the end of 1798. Later it was again renewed until December 31, 1800. At this time though the powers of the company were greatly reduced and the company began to let go of employees and dismantle headquarters. Gradually it also lost its colonies and eventually, the Dutch East India Company disappeared. Organization of the Dutch East India Company In its heyday, the Dutch East India Company had a complex organizational structure. It consisted of two types of shareholders. The two were known as the participanten and the bewindhebbers. The participanten were non-managing partners, while the bewindhebbers were managing partners. These shareholders were important to the success of the Dutch East India Company because their liability in the company consisted only of what was paid into it. In addition to its shareholders, the Dutch East India Companys organization also consisted of six chambers in the cities of Amsterdam, Delft, Rotterdam, Enkhuizen, Middleburg, and Hoorn. Each of the chambers had delegates that were chosen from the bewindhebbers and the chambers raised the beginning funds for the company. Importance of the Dutch East India Company Today The organization of the Dutch East India Company is important because it had a complex business model that has extended into businesses today. For example, its shareholders and their liability made the Dutch East India Company an early form of a limited-liability company. In addition, the company was also highly organized for the time and it was one of the first companies to establish a monopoly over the spice trade and it was the worlds first multinational corporation. The Dutch East India Company was also important in that it was active in bringing European ideas and technology to Asia. It also expanded European exploration and opened up new areas to colonization and trade. To learn more about the Dutch East India Company and to see a video lecture view, The Dutch East Indies Company - The First 100 Years from the United Kingdoms Gresham College. Also, visit Towards a New Age of Partnership for various articles and historical records.

Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Freedom - 1236 Words

If given the choice to live a life of either freedom or oppression, most would choose freedom. However, in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New world freedom is an option none of his characters possess. Due to the global depression in the 1920s and 1930s, Aldous Huxley warns of individuality and self-perseverance in Brave New World. World war 1 and the great depression had a large impact on BNW. Figures of WWI provided material to BNW like†[Benito Mussolini who] led an authoritarian government that fought against birth control in order to produce enough manpower for the next war, [which] provided materials for huxley’s dystopia†(Somaweb.org). Seeing that birth control has no existence in the book Huxley took a different approach in the book. Once the great depression sets in â€Å"people longed for the kind of economic security that Huxley gives to the citizens of his fictional world.†(Stdt nov. ). Those who were going through difficult times, but didn’t realize the disadvantages Huxley included especially longed for their perfect utopia. However, technology seemed to flourish around this time†items like electric irons, toasters, refrigerators, air-conditioners, radio, television and vacuum cleaners†(Scott). The items we have acquired now have really been taken for granted considering how life was back in the 1920s. Huxley suffering from an eye illness was unable to participate in WWI, however, this not only benefited him, but also those who would continue to read his works inShow MoreRelatedAldous Huxley s Brave New World1334 Words   |  6 Pageso read Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is to understand the fear for the future during the 1930’s. Widely considered ahead of its time, Brave New World is one of the most influential novels regarding the destructive outcome of genetic and public manipulation through regime control. The story contrasts two worlds: the traditional world where the â€Å"savages† reside and the new World State: a negative utopia where unrestrained sexual freedom, reproductive technology, and mind numbing drugs run rampantRead MoreAldous Huxley : Accomplished Literary Figure1432 Words   |  6 PagesAldous Huxley:Accomplished Literary Figure â€Å"If one s different, one’s bound to be lonely†-Huxley How the public collectively interacts has been a worldwide subject striking the interest of many. Born in Surrey England, Aldous Huxley was a prominent philosopher who prophesied of a future society and wrote many of the classic novels. He tried his hand in poems, plays,travel works,novels and essays. Aldous Huxley’s best known novel, Brave New World meticulously emphasizes on social topics(Aldous HuxleyRead MoreThe Conscious Is At Target1299 Words   |  6 PagesThe Conscious is at Target Brave New World, an eye opening novel for our times. The importance of human conscious is essential to keep our freedom. As â€Å"Brave New World† Aldous Huxley novel a great work which brought every reader to ask to oneself if it will be possible to have that world in our proximity. The novel is so real that you can almost agree that in this writing Huxley had a prediction. His novel in my point of view can differ from many other critiques and I believe it goes hand in handRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1756 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. The government within the novel focuses solely on the bettering of technology and not scientific exploration and experimentation. The society’s values lie in instant gratification and const ant happiness. The utopia is maintained through the means of drugs,Read MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1420 Words   |  6 Pagesexcessive effort to become perfect can be counteractive and lead to dysfunctionality. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, characters live in a dystopian society that sprouted from the human yearning for perfection. Although the citizens in Brave New World are genetically engineered to be perfect individuals and are on soma constantly to keep them happy and efficient, they lack individuality.. Brave New World is a novel that clearly demonstrates that trying to create a perfect society can result inRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley919 Words   |  4 Pages In Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, the social boundaries that we have today regarding sex does not exist, families are obsolete as citizens are made in Bokanovsky’s Process (one that does not require sex meaning, the need for parents is gone), and the government conditions their citizens from early ages to keep stability throughout its regime. Brave New World follows protagonist Bernard (and his hidden love for nature and struggle for freedom) through this society, revealing all of it’s gloryRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s A Brave New World1708 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties, specifically those of the fictional variety we apply our mashed set of ideals based on truth and happiness on each of these different societies . In Aldous Huxley’s A Brave New World, by conventional societies ideas the citizens of the world state know nothing of traditional reality and by the standards of the traditional world are far from a state of contentment, but if examined by the ideals of the society in question the overall appearance is quite different. the population seems happyRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World908 Words   |  4 PagesHistory is bunk... (Huxley, 34). Introducing the historical forces that directed the c reation of the dystopia, Huxley delivers this quote through World Controller Mustapha Mond, which seems to contradict Henry Ford due to Ford originally stating it himself. Mond continues to lecture the students with enthusiasm and aspect on the self-destruction of the world of the reader and the construction of the World State, the only option to bedlam. In doing so, Huxley outlines the angst-ridden demise ofRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Brave New World1601 Words   |  7 Pagesattempted to predict what the future holds for our society. If one was to narrow their focus on the past century they would see the works and predictions of Aldous Huxley and George Orwell. Both Huxley and Orwell, as one could infer, composed novels that describe future societies and their inner workings. Aldous Huxley, author of Brave New World, where members of society originate from a lab and who’s lives are pre-determined by the controllers. The controllers of Huxley’s futuristic society’ s fundamentalRead MoreBrave New World Discussion Questions1321 Words   |  6 PagesBrave New World Discussion Questions Question 1: Each novel immerses us, instantly, into a world that simultaneously is foreign and familiar. Establish the characteristics of the society that the author creates and analyze the intricacies (complexities) of the society being presented. In what ways is it like and unlike our own society? In Aldous Huxley’s science fiction novel Brave New World, a distinct society is illustrated. The author depicts a civilization that is specifically based on several

Understand the Work of the Ream Free Essays

Understand the work of the team 3. 1 Team work is essential for the school curriculum to be taught across the school starting with the head teacher down to the TA. Another benefit of teamwork is that the teacher can divide the work out between the members of the team. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand the Work of the Ream or any similar topic only for you Order Now This enables the individuals to concentrate on their specific duties that will contribute to the teacher’s lesson plan. This gets the job done faster. Communication / sharing ideas become an important aspect of teamwork, so the whole team can see the class progress steadily to its goals. 3. 2 The class teacher’s purpose and objective is for the running of their class and making sure that the national curriculum is delivered and delegate duties to the TAs that are in their class. The TA; s role is to support the teacher in delivering the national curriculum do the tasks set out and deliver feed back 3. 3 My role in the class is to help the class teacher. On a Monday I go to Mrs. , s class and get the children get ready for forest school in a safe manner when the class are ready we sing the forest school song then go in to forest school out the other side and around the running track looking at all the interesting things like plants etc then when we are around the track we play 123 where are you in which the class go away and hide and we shout 123 where are you and they respond with 123 we are over here and then we go and find then the kids love this game , when we get back in to forest school the kids had some paint brushes an were encouraged to write some simple words with wet mud on decorators backing paper or on any think that wanted to write on within reason once the activities were over we packed up spades and buckets rakes and the rest of the stuff and put them safely away and get the washed and changed ready for dinner In the afternoon session anther teacher comes in to the class and my role was then to take groups of 4 kids and do phonics with them this consisted of the class teacher giving me recourses which were A4 pieces of laminated paper letters on and I would sound out a letter and they would have to find that letter, anther activity was another piece of A4 laminated paper with pictures on they would have a letter on the top and the kids would have to find the items on the paper starting with that letter normally 4 items , then we play I spy I would 4 items on the table sound out the word and ask them which item they thought it would be after that it was time to get them ready for home. 3. 4 When working in a team I always respect my colleges and opines if I don’t respect their opines how can I expect them to listen to me, almost all my colleagues have a lot more experience than myself and would be able to offer me good advice in situations I have had no experience of. How to cite Understand the Work of the Ream, Papers

Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Essay Example Essay Example

Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Essay Example Paper Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Essay Introduction Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins within immune system cells called lymphocytes. Similar to other cancers, lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes are uncontrollably growing and multiplying. These lymphocytes are white blood cells that move throughout the body with the help of a fluid called lymph. There they are transported by a network of different vessels that make up the lymphatic system, which is a part of the immune system. The main Job of the lymphatic system is to fght off infections or anything else that threatens the body. The lymphatic system consists of different lymph nodes located hroughout the body to help monitor the lymph that flows through them. These lymph nodes can be very helpful in predicting signs of possible cancer. The nodes will begin to tenderize and swell when a large amount of microbial organisms collect insides of them, indicating infection. There are two main types of lymphocytes, B- cells, and T-cells. Both are design ed to recognize and destroy infections, however, B- cells travel through the body with the infection, while T-cells kill the infection directly. When these cells begin to multiply too quickly, they begin to build up in the lymph odes, forming a giant mass of cells called a tumor. Once this tumor forms, it begins to grow, invading the space of nearby organs and tissues, cutting off their oxygen supply. If these abnormal lymphocytes travel between lymph nodes, or to other organs, the cancer can spread and metastasize to other regions of the body, making it much more difficult to control and get rid of. Non-Hodgkins is classified and derived from either abnormal B or T-cells and has thirty different subtypes (Clarke 139). Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Essay Body Paragraphs In the United States each year, about fifty-four thousand people are diagnosed ith Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma, making it the most common type of blood cancer in the U. S (Clarke 138). The symptoms of this disease may be difficult to discover, since often times they may appear suddenly and be painless. These symptoms can include swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin. This swelling may be painless and go unnoticed. There may also be discomfort or a fullness in the abdomen, feeling very tired or weak, shortness of breath, as well as fever and weight loss. It is important to get these symptoms checked out and monitored by a doctor to result in etter treatment if needed. There are certain risk factors that may increase the risk of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, such as immune system deficiencies, chemicals, and older age. Certain medications that suppress immune system efficiency, as well as organ transplants, greatly increase the risk of new disease due to immunosuppressive therapy reduci ng the body’s ability to fght off new diseases (Clarke 142). There are also viruses and bacteria that have been linked to the increased risk of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Viruses that have been linked include HIV and Epstein-Barr virus, more commonly nown as herpes. Helicobacter Pylori, an ulcer-causing bacteria found in the stomach that has also been known to increase the risk of getting lymphoma. Although, more research needs to be conducted to connect pesticides with the risk of Non-Hodgkins, certaln Insect ana weed factor that is to be considered, although people at any age can get cancer, Non- Hodgkins is most common in people sixty or older. To diagnose lymphoma, a full physical must be conducted, as well as looking into family history. A oncologist will then be called in to review the findings and decide where to go next. When screening to find how far cancer has spread, several techniques can be used. These include x-rays, computerized tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, as well as lymphangiograms. Bone marrow examinations are also common to test if infected with abnormal B or T-cells. The best way to test for cancer is by conducting a biopsy and testing a small sample of the tumor to determine whether cancer exists or not. Conducting a biopsy or fluid examination is the best way to get an in-depth look at possible cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry is a popular test used by pathologists y treating the sample with antibodies that attach only to specific molecules on the cell. Color changes among the antibodies can occur and be seen under a microscope allowing pathologists to detect different diseases present. Flow cytometry is a very similar process to immunohistochemistry, but allows a much more in-depth look at the cells by passing them through a laser. This laser techniques provides the ability to separate and count groups of cells. Flow cytometry can also detect whether the lymph nodes are swollen due to lymphoma, or some other type of cancer, or a non- cancerous disease. This allows doctors to better determine the type of lymphoma to be dealt with as well as the best way to treat it. Another way to determine the type of lymphoma is through cytogenetics. This technique inhibits doctors to take a look at the chromosomes in the lymphoma cells to look for translocations, which is common in some types of lymphoma. Other ways to identify the type of lymphoma is if the cells have too many, too few, or other chromosomal abnormalities. Once diagnosed, there are four stages in distinguishing the extent of the disease, starting with the least serious being stage one. Stage one, or early in the diagnosis of ymphoma is when the disease is contained to single lymph node region or in a single organ. Stage two is classified when two or more lymph node regions are infected on the same side of the diaphragm, or when a lymph node and an organ are infected. Stage three is advanced lymphoma when two or more lymph nodes, or a lymph n ode and an organ infected on different sides of the body. Stage four, or the widespread level of lymphoma is when the cancer has spread to the spleen, bone marrow, bone, or central nervous system. There are different treatments based on the type, and stage of the cancer, as well s other factors such as age, and health status. The most common and effective treatment for Non-Hodgkins lymphoma is chemotherapy, radiation, and biological therapy. Chemotherapy uses chemicals that interfere with the cellular division process, triggering a suicide effect amongst the cancer cells. These chemicals attack all of the cells, including the healthy ones, although normal cells are able to recover from the chemical-induced damage, whereas the cancer cells cannot. Chemotherapy is usually used when the cancer has metastasized, since the medicines travels hroughout the entire body, rather than focusing on one place. This treatment is done in cycles, so the body has a resting period in between to heal b efore the next cycle . I nere are some sloe erects tnat come along wltn It still, tnese Include tnlngs such as hair loss, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Although not as effective, there are also medications that can be used to boost the immune systems reaction to these infected a-cells. Rituximab is a biological medication that is a type of monoclonal antibody that attaches to B cells in order to make them more visible to the immune system to attack. This medication lowers the number of B cells, including the non- infected, healthy ones, however, the body will produce more cells, to replace these. Once the cancerous cells are dead, they are much less likely to reoccur. Radiation treatment works to destroy cancer cells by focusing high-energy rays onto the cells. This damages the molecular structure of the cells and causes them to commit suicide. These high-energy rays are usually emitted from metals, such as radium or strong x-rays that are created by a machine. Radiation can either be used on its own or in correlation with other cancer treatments. Side effects may include skin changes often resembling a sunburn or tan, vomiting, fatigue, nausea, and loss of appetite. The most effective treatment to increase a lymphoma patients chance for survival is the combination of the chemical R848 with radiation therapy. With the growing knowledge of genetics, doctors are able to better diagnose Non- hodgkin lymphoma through the methods mentioned previously, allowing a much better prognosis for those infected. There are also new treatments being looked into to help better treat and prevent this cancer from taking people’s lives. Vaccines are ow being introduced as a way to help treat certain cases of lymphoma. It has been known for quite some time that people’s immune systems may help play a major role in fghting cancer, in some cases, some have been cured after their immune system rejects the cancer. With this knowledge, doctors are trying to encourage this immune reaction with a vaccine. This vaccine is used to treat, rather than prevent the disease, and is only available in clinical trials as of now. The goal of this is to create an immune reaction in patients dealing with lymphoma in either the early stages, or clients whose disease is in remission. Along with having very little side effects, when used in clinical trials treating late-stage patients whom chemotherapy was successful, the vaccine increased the time the lymphoma came back by at least a year. Increasing one’s knowledge of signs and symptoms correlated with Non-Hodgkins can create a better prognosis of successfully killing the disease. The research of new vaccines that can help the immune system naturally kill the cells on it’s own can greatly decrease the need for other treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation, along with the horrible side effects that come along with them. 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