The Dutch East India Company Profile

The Dutch East India Company, called the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC in Dutch, was a company whose main purpose was trade, exploration, and colonization throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. It was created in 1602 and lasted until 1800. It is considered to be one of the first and most successful international corporations. At its height, the Dutch East India Company established headquarters in many different countries, had a monopoly over the spice trade and it had semi-governmental powers in that it was able to begin wars, prosecute convicts, negotiate treaties and establish colonies. History and Growth of the Dutch East India Company During the 16th century, the spice trade was growing throughout Europe but it was mostly dominated by the Portuguese. However, by the late 1500s, the Portuguese began to have trouble supplying enough spices to meet demand and prices rose. This, combined with the fact that Portugal united with Spain in 1580 motivated the Dutch to enter the spice trade because the Dutch Republic was at war with Spain at that time. By 1598 the Dutch were sending out numerous trading ships and in March 1599 Jacob van Necks fleet became the first to reach the Spice Islands (the Moluccas of Indonesia). In 1602 the Dutch government sponsored the creation of the United East Indies Company (known later as the Dutch East India Company) in an effort to stabilize profits in the Dutch spice trade and form a monopoly. At the time of its founding, the Dutch East India Company was given the power to build forts, keep armies and make treaties. The charter was to last 21 years.​ The first permanent Dutch trading post was established in 1603 in Banten, West Java, Indonesia. Today this area is Batavia, Indonesia. Following this initial settlement, the Dutch East India Company set up several more settlements throughout the early 1600s. Its early headquarters was in Ambon, Indonesia 1610-1619. From 1611 to 1617 the Dutch East India Company had severe competition in the spice trade from the English East India Company. In 1620 the two companies began a partnership that lasted until 1623 when the Amboyna massacre caused the English East India Company to move their trading posts from Indonesia to other areas in Asia. Throughout the 1620s the Dutch East India Company further colonized Indonesias islands and the presence of Dutch plantations growing cloves and nutmeg for export grew across the region. At this time the Dutch East India Company, like other European trading companies, used gold and silver to buy spices. To obtain the metals, the company had to create a trade surplus with other European countries. To get around only getting gold and silver from other European countries, the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company, Jan Pieterszoon Coen, came up with a plan to create a trading system within Asia and those profits could finance the European spice trade. Eventually, the Dutch East India Company was trading throughout Asia. In 1640 the company expanded its reach to Ceylon. This area was previously dominated by the Portuguese and by 1659 the Dutch East India Company occupied nearly the entire Sri Lankan coast. In 1652 the Dutch East India Company also established an outpost at the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa to provide supplies to ships sailing to eastern Asia. Later this outpost became a colony called the Cape Colony. As the Dutch East India Company continued to expand, trading posts were established in places that include Persia, Bengal, Malacca, Siam, Formosa (Taiwan) and Malabar to name a few. By 1669 the Dutch East India Company was the richest company in the world. Decline of the Dutch East India Company Despite its achievements in the mid-1600s by 1670 the economic success and growth of the Dutch East India Company began to decline, starting with a decrease in trading with Japan and the loss of the silk trade with China after 1666. In 1672 the Third Anglo-Dutch War disrupted trade with Europe and in the 1680s, other European trading companies began to grow and increase the pressure on the Dutch East India Company. Furthermore, European demand for Asian spices and other goods began to change around the middle of the 18th century. Around the turn of the 18th century the Dutch East India Company had a short resurgence in power but in 1780 another war broke out with England and the company began to have serious financial troubles. During this time the company survived because of support from the Dutch government (Towards a New Age of Partnership). Despite its problems, the charter of the Dutch East India Company was renewed by the Dutch government until the end of 1798. Later it was again renewed until December 31, 1800. At this time though the powers of the company were greatly reduced and the company began to let go of employees and dismantle headquarters. Gradually it also lost its colonies and eventually, the Dutch East India Company disappeared. Organization of the Dutch East India Company In its heyday, the Dutch East India Company had a complex organizational structure. It consisted of two types of shareholders. The two were known as the participanten and the bewindhebbers. The participanten were non-managing partners, while the bewindhebbers were managing partners. These shareholders were important to the success of the Dutch East India Company because their liability in the company consisted only of what was paid into it. In addition to its shareholders, the Dutch East India Companys organization also consisted of six chambers in the cities of Amsterdam, Delft, Rotterdam, Enkhuizen, Middleburg, and Hoorn. Each of the chambers had delegates that were chosen from the bewindhebbers and the chambers raised the beginning funds for the company. Importance of the Dutch East India Company Today The organization of the Dutch East India Company is important because it had a complex business model that has extended into businesses today. For example, its shareholders and their liability made the Dutch East India Company an early form of a limited-liability company. In addition, the company was also highly organized for the time and it was one of the first companies to establish a monopoly over the spice trade and it was the worlds first multinational corporation. The Dutch East India Company was also important in that it was active in bringing European ideas and technology to Asia. It also expanded European exploration and opened up new areas to colonization and trade. To learn more about the Dutch East India Company and to see a video lecture view, The Dutch East Indies Company - The First 100 Years from the United Kingdoms Gresham College. Also, visit Towards a New Age of Partnership for various articles and historical records.

Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Freedom - 1236 Words

If given the choice to live a life of either freedom or oppression, most would choose freedom. However, in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New world freedom is an option none of his characters possess. Due to the global depression in the 1920s and 1930s, Aldous Huxley warns of individuality and self-perseverance in Brave New World. World war 1 and the great depression had a large impact on BNW. Figures of WWI provided material to BNW like†[Benito Mussolini who] led an authoritarian government that fought against birth control in order to produce enough manpower for the next war, [which] provided materials for huxley’s dystopia†(Somaweb.org). Seeing that birth control has no existence in the book Huxley took a different approach in the book. Once the great depression sets in â€Å"people longed for the kind of economic security that Huxley gives to the citizens of his fictional world.†(Stdt nov. ). Those who were going through difficult times, but didn’t realize the disadvantages Huxley included especially longed for their perfect utopia. However, technology seemed to flourish around this time†items like electric irons, toasters, refrigerators, air-conditioners, radio, television and vacuum cleaners†(Scott). The items we have acquired now have really been taken for granted considering how life was back in the 1920s. Huxley suffering from an eye illness was unable to participate in WWI, however, this not only benefited him, but also those who would continue to read his works inShow MoreRelatedAldous Huxley s Brave New World1334 Words   |  6 Pageso read Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is to understand the fear for the future during the 1930’s. Widely considered ahead of its time, Brave New World is one of the most influential novels regarding the destructive outcome of genetic and public manipulation through regime control. 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Understand the Work of the Ream Free Essays

Understand the work of the team 3. 1 Team work is essential for the school curriculum to be taught across the school starting with the head teacher down to the TA. Another benefit of teamwork is that the teacher can divide the work out between the members of the team. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand the Work of the Ream or any similar topic only for you Order Now This enables the individuals to concentrate on their specific duties that will contribute to the teacher’s lesson plan. This gets the job done faster. Communication / sharing ideas become an important aspect of teamwork, so the whole team can see the class progress steadily to its goals. 3. 2 The class teacher’s purpose and objective is for the running of their class and making sure that the national curriculum is delivered and delegate duties to the TAs that are in their class. The TA; s role is to support the teacher in delivering the national curriculum do the tasks set out and deliver feed back 3. 3 My role in the class is to help the class teacher. On a Monday I go to Mrs. , s class and get the children get ready for forest school in a safe manner when the class are ready we sing the forest school song then go in to forest school out the other side and around the running track looking at all the interesting things like plants etc then when we are around the track we play 123 where are you in which the class go away and hide and we shout 123 where are you and they respond with 123 we are over here and then we go and find then the kids love this game , when we get back in to forest school the kids had some paint brushes an were encouraged to write some simple words with wet mud on decorators backing paper or on any think that wanted to write on within reason once the activities were over we packed up spades and buckets rakes and the rest of the stuff and put them safely away and get the washed and changed ready for dinner In the afternoon session anther teacher comes in to the class and my role was then to take groups of 4 kids and do phonics with them this consisted of the class teacher giving me recourses which were A4 pieces of laminated paper letters on and I would sound out a letter and they would have to find that letter, anther activity was another piece of A4 laminated paper with pictures on they would have a letter on the top and the kids would have to find the items on the paper starting with that letter normally 4 items , then we play I spy I would 4 items on the table sound out the word and ask them which item they thought it would be after that it was time to get them ready for home. 3. 4 When working in a team I always respect my colleges and opines if I don’t respect their opines how can I expect them to listen to me, almost all my colleagues have a lot more experience than myself and would be able to offer me good advice in situations I have had no experience of. How to cite Understand the Work of the Ream, Papers